Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit intriguing luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Despite this, the potential toxicological effects of UCNPs necessitate thorough investigation to ensure their safe utilization. This review aims to provide a detailed analysis

As technology progresses at an unprecedented pace, the need for materials with exceptional properties becomes increasingly crucial. High-performance carbon nanotube arrays are emerging as a transformative technology with the potential to revolutionize various industries. These meticulously crafted structures, consisting of densely packed nanotubes